Criminal Law Test Series – Test 3 covers Chapter I — Preliminary of
the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita,
2023 and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The test contains 30 MCQs,
with 10 questions from each Act. Each question carries 1 marks and
0.25 marks deducted for every incorrect answer.
[
{
"question": "Under the BNS, the expression 'Government' means:",
"options": [
"Only the Central Government",
"Only a State Government",
"The Central Government or a State Government",
"The Central Government and every local authority"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Under Section 2 of the BNS, 'Government' denotes the Central Government or a State Government.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, 'reason to believe' means:",
"options": [
"Mere suspicion",
"A sufficient cause to believe",
"Proof beyond reasonable doubt",
"An admission by the accused"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The BNS defines 'reason to believe' as having sufficient cause to believe.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Which of the following is a 'special law' under the BNS?",
"options": [
"A law applicable to a particular subject",
"Every constitutional law",
"Only criminal law",
"Only a law made by a State Legislature"
],
"answer": 0,
"explanation": "A 'special law' means a law applicable to a particular subject.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, 'valuable security' refers to a document that creates, extends, transfers, restricts, extinguishes or releases:",
"options": [
"Only a criminal liability",
"A legal right or liability",
"Only ownership of land",
"Only a contractual obligation"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The definition of valuable security covers a document that creates, extends, transfers, restricts, extinguishes or releases a legal right or liability, or acknowledges a legal liability or right.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, a 'vessel' means:",
"options": [
"Only a ship registered in India",
"Anything made for the conveyance by water of human beings or property",
"Only a military ship",
"Only a passenger boat"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The BNS defines vessel as anything made for the conveyance by water of human beings or of property.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, a person causes an effect 'voluntarily' when the person causes it:",
"options": [
"Only accidentally",
"Intentionally, or by means which the person knew or had reason to believe were likely to cause it",
"Only through negligence",
"Only after receiving a Court order"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The BNS definition of 'voluntarily' covers causing an effect intentionally or by means which the person knew or had reason to believe were likely to cause that effect.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, the expression 'woman' means:",
"options": [
"A female person above 18 years only",
"A married female person",
"A female human being of any age",
"A female human being above 16 years"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 2 defines 'woman' as a female human being of any age.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, 'wrongful gain' and 'wrongful loss' are connected with:",
"options": [
"Unlawful means concerning property",
"Only physical injury",
"Only reputation",
"Only government property"
],
"answer": 0,
"explanation": "Wrongful gain and wrongful loss under the BNS concern gain or loss of property through unlawful means.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 3(2) of the BNS, an expression explained in any Part of the Sanhita is used throughout the Sanhita:",
"options": [
"According to ordinary dictionary meaning",
"Only in the Part where it is explained",
"In conformity with that explanation",
"Only by reference to the BNSS"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 3(2) provides that every expression explained in any Part of the Sanhita is used in every Part in conformity with that explanation.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 3(2)"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 3(6) of the BNS, where several persons join in an act with the required criminal knowledge or intention, each person is liable:",
"options": [
"Only if he performs the final act",
"As if the act were done by him alone with that knowledge or intention",
"Only for an attempt",
"Only if he receives a benefit"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 3(6) provides that when an act is criminal only because of criminal knowledge or intention, each person joining in the act with such knowledge or intention is liable as if the act were done by him alone.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 3(6)"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, 'non-cognizable offence' means an offence for which the police officer has:",
"options": [
"Power to arrest without warrant",
"No authority to arrest without warrant",
"Power to convict the accused",
"Power to impose a fine"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 2 defines a non-cognizable offence as an offence for which a police officer has no authority to arrest without warrant.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, 'notification' means:",
"options": [
"An order issued by a Magistrate",
"A notification published in the Official Gazette",
"A police circular",
"A Court judgment"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The BNSS defines notification as a notification published in the Official Gazette.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, an 'offence' means:",
"options": [
"Only an act punishable under the BNS",
"Any act or omission made punishable by any law for the time being in force",
"Only a cognizable offence",
"Only an offence punishable with imprisonment"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The definition of offence under Section 2 covers any act or omission made punishable by any law for the time being in force, and includes the specified Cattle Trespass Act reference.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, 'place' includes:",
"options": [
"Only a building",
"Only a house",
"A house, building, tent, vehicle and vessel",
"Only a public place"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 2 expressly provides that 'place' includes a house, building, tent, vehicle and vessel.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, a 'police report' means:",
"options": [
"Any oral report made to police",
"A report forwarded by a police officer to a Magistrate under Section 193(3)",
"A complaint made by a victim",
"A report submitted to the High Court"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The BNSS defines police report as a report forwarded by a police officer to a Magistrate under Section 193(3).",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, a 'summons-case' means a case relating to an offence:",
"options": [
"Punishable with death",
"Which is not a warrant-case",
"Punishable with life imprisonment",
"Only involving a bailable offence"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 2 defines a summons-case as a case relating to an offence and not being a warrant-case.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, a 'victim' includes:",
"options": [
"Only the person physically injured",
"Only the complainant",
"A person suffering loss or injury and the guardian or legal heir of such person",
"Only the legal heir"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "The BNSS defines victim as a person who has suffered loss or injury caused by the act or omission of the accused and includes the guardian or legal heir of such victim.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 2(2) of the BNSS, terms used but not defined in the Sanhita and defined in the Information Technology Act, 2000 or BNS, 2023:",
"options": [
"Have no meaning under the BNSS",
"Have the meanings assigned to them in those laws",
"Must be defined by the police",
"Must be interpreted only by the Supreme Court"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 2(2) adopts the meanings assigned to such terms in the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the BNS, 2023.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2(2)"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 3(1) of the BNSS, a reference to a Magistrate without qualifying words generally means:",
"options": [
"An Executive Magistrate",
"A Judicial Magistrate of the first class or second class, as applicable",
"A Sessions Judge",
"A District Magistrate"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 3(1) provides that, unless the context otherwise requires, references to a Magistrate are construed as references to the appropriate Judicial Magistrate exercising jurisdiction in that area.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 3(1)"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 4 of the BNSS, offences under the BNS shall be investigated, inquired into, tried and otherwise dealt with according to:",
"options": [
"The Civil Procedure Code",
"The BNSS",
"Only the BNS",
"The Constitution alone"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 4 provides that offences under the BNS shall be investigated, inquired into, tried and otherwise dealt with according to the provisions of the BNSS, subject to the stated provisions.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 4"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 4 of the BNSS, offences under any law other than the BNS are generally dealt with:",
"options": [
"Only under the BNS",
"Under the BNSS, subject to any enactment regulating the manner or place of investigation, inquiry or trial",
"Only by a Civil Court",
"Only by the High Court"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 4 provides for the application of the BNSS to offences under other laws, subject to any enactment regulating the manner or place of investigating, inquiring into, trying or otherwise dealing with such offences.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 4"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, 'facts in issue' relate to facts from which the existence, non-existence, nature or extent of a:",
"options": [
"Right, liability or disability necessarily follows",
"Police report follows",
"Sentence alone follows",
"Complaint alone follows"
],
"answer": 0,
"explanation": "Section 2 defines facts in issue as facts from which, either by themselves or in connection with other facts, the existence, non-existence, nature or extent of a right, liability or disability necessarily follows.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, a 'fact' includes:",
"options": [
"Only something physically visible",
"A thing, state of things, relation of things, or a conscious mental condition",
"Only documentary evidence",
"Only facts admitted by the accused"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 2 provides that fact includes things, states of things or relations of things capable of being perceived by the senses, as well as mental conditions of which a person is conscious.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Which of the following is expressly treated as a 'document' under the BSA?",
"options": [
"A map or plan",
"An inscription on a metal plate or stone",
"A caricature",
"All of the above"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The illustrations to the definition of document include writings, printed or photographed words, maps or plans, inscriptions on metal or stone, caricatures and specified electronic records.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, statements given electronically by witnesses which the Court permits or requires to be made before it are:",
"options": [
"Documentary evidence",
"Oral evidence",
"Conclusive proof",
"Secondary evidence only"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The definition of evidence includes statements, including statements given electronically, made by witnesses in relation to matters of fact under inquiry. Such statements are called oral evidence.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, 'relevant' means that a fact is:",
"options": [
"Admitted by the accused",
"Connected with another fact in one of the ways provided by the provisions relating to relevancy",
"Always conclusive proof",
"Always sufficient to prove the case"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 2 provides that a fact is relevant to another when it is connected with the other in any of the ways referred to in the provisions of the Adhiniyam relating to relevancy of facts.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Which statement correctly distinguishes 'may presume' from 'shall presume' under the BSA?",
"options": [
"Both expressions have exactly the same legal effect",
"May presume gives the Court a choice, while shall presume requires the Court to regard the fact as proved unless disproved",
"Shall presume allows the Court to ignore the fact",
"May presume always makes the fact conclusive"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Under Section 2, 'may presume' allows the Court either to regard the fact as proved unless disproved or to call for proof. 'Shall presume' requires the Court to regard the fact as proved unless and until disproved.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, which expression describes a fact that is neither proved nor disproved?",
"options": [
"Relevant",
"Conclusive proof",
"Not proved",
"Disproved"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "A fact is 'not proved' when it is neither proved nor disproved.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, when one fact is declared to be conclusive proof of another fact, evidence may be given to:",
"options": [
"Disprove the other fact",
"Disprove the first fact in every case",
"Establish a different offence",
"Not be given for the purpose of disproving the other fact"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "Where one fact is declared to be conclusive proof of another, the Court shall regard the other fact as proved on proof of the first and shall not allow evidence to be given for the purpose of disproving it.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Which of the following is NOT an example of an electronic or digital record expressly mentioned in the BSA's illustration to 'document'?",
"options": [
"Server logs",
"Emails",
"Locational evidence",
"A purely oral conversation with no recorded or documented form"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The BSA expressly includes examples such as emails, server logs, computer or smartphone documents, messages, websites, locational evidence and voicemail messages stored on digital devices.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
}
]
