Criminal Law Test Series – Test 2 covers Chapter I — Preliminary of
the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha
Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA).
Total 30 MCQs: 10 questions from each Act. Each question carries
1 marks with 0.25 negative marking for an incorrect answer.
[
{
"question": "Under Section 1(5)(a) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, the Sanhita applies to an offence committed outside India by:",
"options": [
"Any foreign national",
"Any citizen of India",
"Only a Government servant",
"Only a person holding an Indian passport"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 1(5)(a) provides that the BNS applies to an offence committed outside India by any citizen of India.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 1(5)(a)"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, an offence committed outside India by any person is covered where the offence targets:",
"options": [
"An Indian citizen",
"A Government office",
"A computer resource located in India",
"An Indian bank only"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 1(5)(c) extends the BNS to an offence committed by any person outside India targeting a computer resource located in India.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 1(5)(c)"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, the word 'act' includes:",
"options": [
"Only a single act",
"Only a series of acts",
"A single act as well as a series of acts",
"Only an illegal act"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "The definition of 'act' under Section 2 includes a single act as well as a series of acts.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, 'animal' means:",
"options": [
"Any living creature including human beings",
"Any domestic animal only",
"Any living creature other than a human being",
"Only mammals"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 2 defines 'animal' as any living creature other than a human being.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Which of the following correctly describes 'fraudulently' under the BNS?",
"options": [
"With intention to cause injury",
"With intention to defraud",
"With intention to cause wrongful loss only",
"Without due care and attention"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Under Section 2, a person is said to act fraudulently if the act is done with intent to defraud.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, 'injury' denotes any harm illegally caused to a person in:",
"options": [
"Body only",
"Body and property only",
"Body, mind, reputation or property",
"Reputation only"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "The BNS defines injury as any harm whatever illegally caused to any person, in body, mind, reputation or property.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, 'wrongful gain' means gain by unlawful means of property to which the person gaining:",
"options": [
"Has legal entitlement",
"Is not legally entitled",
"Has temporary possession",
"Has contractual rights"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Wrongful gain means gain by unlawful means of property to which the person gaining is not legally entitled.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNS, 'wrongful loss' means the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is:",
"options": [
"Legally entitled",
"Not legally entitled",
"Only temporarily entitled",
"A trustee"
],
"answer": 0,
"explanation": "Wrongful loss means the loss by unlawful means of property to which the person losing it is legally entitled.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 3(7) of the BNS, where an effect is caused partly by an act and partly by an omission, it is:",
"options": [
"Two separate offences",
"Only an omission",
"The same offence as if caused by the act or omission",
"Not an offence"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 3(7) provides that where causing an effect by an act or omission is an offence, causing that effect partly by an act and partly by an omission is the same offence.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 3(7)"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 3(8) of the BNS, when an offence is committed by means of several acts, a person who intentionally cooperates by doing any one of those acts:",
"options": [
"Is never liable",
"Commits the offence",
"Is liable only for an attempt",
"Is liable only if he performs the final act"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 3(8) provides that whoever intentionally cooperates in the commission of an offence by doing any one of the several acts, singly or jointly, commits that offence.",
"reference": "BNS 2023, Section 3(8)"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 1(3) of the BNSS, the date of commencement is appointed by:",
"options": [
"The Supreme Court",
"The State Government",
"The Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette",
"The President by ordinance"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 1(3) provides that the BNSS comes into force on such date as the Central Government may appoint by notification in the Official Gazette.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 1(3)"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 1(2) of the BNSS, the general provisions of the Sanhita do not apply to Nagaland and tribal areas except as provided in the section. Who may apply such provisions by notification?",
"options": [
"The Supreme Court",
"The concerned State Government",
"The High Court",
"The Central Bureau of Investigation"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The concerned State Government may, by notification, apply such provisions or any of them to the whole or part of Nagaland or the specified tribal areas, with the stated modifications.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 1(2)"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, a 'non-bailable offence' means:",
"options": [
"Every offence punishable with imprisonment",
"Every offence committed outside India",
"Any offence other than a bailable offence",
"Every offence triable by a Magistrate"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 2 provides that a bailable offence is one shown as bailable in the First Schedule or made bailable by another law; a non-bailable offence means any other offence.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, a 'charge' includes:",
"options": [
"Only the first allegation",
"Any head of charge when the charge contains more heads than one",
"Only a charge framed by the High Court",
"Only a written complaint"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 2 defines charge to include any head of charge when the charge contains more heads than one.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Which of the following is NOT included in the BNSS definition of 'audio-video electronic'?",
"options": [
"Video conferencing",
"Recording of identification",
"Recording of search and seizure",
"Only handwritten correspondence"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The definition includes communication devices used for video conferencing, recording identification, search and seizure, evidence, transmission of electronic communication and other prescribed purposes.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BNSS, a 'bond' is an undertaking for release:",
"options": [
"With surety",
"Without surety",
"Only after conviction",
"Only by the police"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "A bond means a personal bond or an undertaking for release without surety.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Which of the following is specifically excluded from the definition of 'complaint' under the BNSS?",
"options": [
"An oral allegation made to a Magistrate",
"A written allegation made to a Magistrate",
"An allegation seeking action under the Sanhita",
"A police report"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The definition of complaint expressly states that it does not include a police report.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "A warrant-case under the BNSS relates to an offence punishable with:",
"options": [
"Fine only",
"Imprisonment up to six months",
"Death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment exceeding two years",
"Imprisonment of exactly two years only"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "A warrant-case means a case relating to an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for a term exceeding two years.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 3 of the BNSS, administrative or executive functions of a Magistrate are generally exercisable by:",
"options": [
"A Judicial Magistrate",
"An Executive Magistrate",
"A Sessions Judge",
"A police officer"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 3 distinguishes judicial functions from administrative or executive functions. Judicial functions are exercisable by Judicial Magistrates, while other administrative or executive functions are exercisable by Executive Magistrates, subject to the statutory provisions.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 3"
},
{
"question": "Section 5 of the BNSS is primarily a provision relating to:",
"options": [
"Arrest",
"Bail",
"Saving of special or local laws and special procedures",
"Investigation"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 5 is the saving provision. It preserves special or local laws, special jurisdiction or powers, and special forms of procedure unless there is a specific provision to the contrary.",
"reference": "BNSS 2023, Section 5"
},
{
"question": "The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 does NOT apply to:",
"options": [
"Judicial proceedings before a Court",
"Proceedings before a Court-martial",
"Affidavits presented to a Court or officer",
"Judicial proceedings involving digital evidence"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "Section 1(2) excludes affidavits presented to any Court or officer and proceedings before an arbitrator from the application of the BSA.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 1(2)"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, the expression 'Court' includes:",
"options": [
"Only Civil Courts",
"Only Criminal Courts",
"All Judges and Magistrates and persons legally authorised to take evidence, except arbitrators",
"Only the Supreme Court"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "The BSA definition of Court includes all Judges and Magistrates and all persons, except arbitrators, legally authorised to take evidence.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, 'conclusive proof' means that when one fact is declared to be conclusive proof of another:",
"options": [
"The Court may always demand further proof",
"The Court shall, on proof of the first fact, regard the other as proved and shall not allow evidence to disprove it",
"The first fact becomes irrelevant",
"The second fact must be proved independently"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Where one fact is declared by the BSA to be conclusive proof of another, the Court shall, on proof of the first fact, regard the other as proved and shall not allow evidence to disprove it.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, a fact is 'not proved' when:",
"options": [
"It is proved beyond all doubt",
"It is disproved",
"It is neither proved nor disproved",
"It is admitted by every party"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "A fact is said to be not proved when it is neither proved nor disproved.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Which of the following may be included as a 'document' under the BSA?",
"options": [
"An email",
"A server log",
"A message stored on a computer or smartphone",
"All of the above"
],
"answer": 3,
"explanation": "The BSA definition of document expressly includes electronic and digital records and illustrations such as emails, server logs, computer or smartphone records, messages and website records.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, 'evidence' includes:",
"options": [
"Only oral evidence",
"Only documentary evidence",
"Oral evidence and documentary evidence",
"Only physical objects"
],
"answer": 2,
"explanation": "The definition of evidence includes oral evidence and documentary evidence, including electronic or digital records.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "A fact is 'disproved' under the BSA when the Court:",
"options": [
"Simply does not believe a witness",
"Believes that the fact does not exist or considers its non-existence sufficiently probable",
"Has no jurisdiction",
"Receives no documentary evidence"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "A fact is disproved when, after considering the matters before it, the Court believes that the fact does not exist or considers its non-existence so probable that a prudent person ought to act on that supposition.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, 'shall presume' means that the Court:",
"options": [
"May ignore the fact",
"Shall regard the fact as proved unless and until it is disproved",
"Must require independent expert evidence",
"Can never consider contrary evidence"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Where the BSA directs that the Court shall presume a fact, the Court shall regard it as proved unless and until it is disproved.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under the BSA, when the Court 'may presume' a fact, it may:",
"options": [
"Only regard it as conclusively proved",
"Either regard it as proved unless disproved or call for proof of it",
"Never require proof",
"Treat it as disproved"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "The expression 'may presume' gives the Court the choice either to regard the fact as proved unless disproved or to call for proof of the fact.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2"
},
{
"question": "Under Section 2(2) of the BSA, where a term is not defined in the BSA but is defined in the BNS, BNSS or Information Technology Act, 2000, it:",
"options": [
"Has no statutory meaning",
"Has the meaning assigned to it in that respective law",
"Must be interpreted only by the High Court",
"Must be interpreted according to common usage"
],
"answer": 1,
"explanation": "Section 2(2) provides that words and expressions not defined in the BSA but defined in the Information Technology Act, 2000, BNS, 2023 or BNSS, 2023 shall have the meanings assigned to them in those laws.",
"reference": "BSA 2023, Section 2(2)"
}
]
